Chapter 10  Blood and Blood Splatter 	  Name___________________________

Introduction and History 

a)	Blood typing can provide ________________________ evidence; whereas DNA profiling can provide ________________________ evidence. 
b)	A blood splatter pattern can give information about the truthfulness of an account by a witness or a suspect.
c)	It also can provide information about the ________________________ of the blood, the ________________________ and ________________________of impact, and type of ________________________ used. 
d)	Our understanding of blood began in ancient times and continues to grow today. 

Composition of Blood
  
________________________carries cells and ________________________—the fluid with hormones, clotting factors, and nutrients. 
I.	________________________carry oxygen to the body’s cells and carbon dioxide away. 
II.	________________________fight disease and foreign invaders and, alone, contain cell nuclei. 
III.	________________________ aid in blood clotting and the repair of damaged blood vessels. 

Blood Typing—Proteins 

     ______% 	     ______% 	     ______% 	    ______%
of the population in the United States (of which 85% is Rh+)

•	Blood typing is quicker and less expensive than DNA profiling. 
•	It produces class evidence but can still ________________________ a suspect to a crime scene or ________________________ a suspect. 

Blood Typing—Antibodies; Additional Proteins and Enzymes  

a)	________________________ are proteins secreted by white blood cells that attach to antigens to destroy them. 
b)	________________________ are foreign molecules or cells that react to antibodies. 
c)	________________________ are complex proteins that catalyze different biochemical reactions. 
•	Many enzymes and proteins have been found in the blood that are important for identification purposes. 

Blood Typing—Probability and Blood Types
  
•	Blood types are an example of _________ alleles. Explain what this means.  

•	List the possible genotypes and phenotypes regarding blood types. 

•	What type is the universal donor and which is the universal recipient? Explain. 

•	Explain Rh factor. 

Blood Splatter  

•	In ________________________ the meaning of the splatter pattern was first analyzed. 
•	When a wound is inflicted, a blood splatter pattern may be created. 
•	It takes a grouping of blood stains to make a blood ________________________. 
•	The pattern can help to ________________________ the events surrounding a shooting, stabbing, or beating. 

Blood Splatter Analysis  

Analysis of a splatter pattern can aid in determining the: 
1.	 

2.	 

3.	 

•	When blood falls from a height or at a high velocity, it can overcome its natural cohesiveness and form ________________________. 
•	When it falls onto a less-than-smooth surface, it can form ________________________ around the drops.  

Blood Splatter Analysis—Six Patterns
 
Describe each of these: 
a.  		
b.  		
c.  		
d.  		
e. 		
f.  		

Blood Splatter Analysis—Impact 

Patterns can help investigators determine the type of _____________________ used.

Blood Splatter Analysis—Directionality
 
The shape of an individual drop of blood provides clues to the _____________________ from where the blood originated. 
	
Blood Splatter Analysis—Location of the Origin of the Blood 

Lines of _________________________
•	Draw straight lines down the axis of the blood splatters. 
•	Where the lines converge, the blood originated. 

Crime Scene Investigation of Blood 
•	If any evidence is suspected to be blood, what must you first must determine and how?
–	If any is discovered, what steps must be taken? 

•	What will you do next to interpret the findings?